Ambazonians beware! Kamto ignores HCB 28/92 in trojan horse post.

Renowned La République du Cameroun law academic and politician Maurice Kamto has wadded into the Ambazonian Liberation Struggle with a social media post in which he reheats the “wrong federalist” argument that “massive voter registration” in La République du Cameroun’s presidential election will “allow” Ambazonians, who he calls “anglophones”, to “exercise their self-determination by voting” in that “election”. In a previous post, Ambazonia News discussed the similarly blue-sky ideas of certain naïve federalists in suggesting that opinion polling could cause change “within” La République du Cameroun, which could facilitate the return of a federation by demonstrating the people’s preference.

On the face of it, Prof. Kamto’s post sounds “reasonable” and if we are wondering why it even needs to be made as an “offer”, then that is the paradox and where the offer damns itself, for it implies that “democracy” is a special offer in La République du Cameroun! To his credit, Prof Kamto, is ,therefore, acknowledging our [Ambazonian] experience of the lack of democracy in La République du Cameroun, where we do not even legally belong, and, therefore do not have to endure the abuses of what Prof. Kamto calls a “brutal, autocratic, kleptocratic” regime which has “mishandled the reunification”.

Prof. Kamto himself has spent the current “grand projects term” protesting a stolen vote in the last La République du Cameroun presidential election of 2018, so even if Ambazonians were gullible enough to fall for his “offer”, there would be no precedent to base any faith on, that their votes would “count”, or what would accrue if those votes did somehow count. There is no “consensual electoral system” in La République du Cameroun, even for their own citizens as Prof. Kamto himself has often lamented, so Ambazonians would have to be gullible indeed to suppose that they could achieve any self-determination through a La République du Cameroun-organised vote, already disowned by their own citizens, including principally the gentleman advocating such a folly! Prof. Kamto would appear to be asking Ambazonians to replay the mistakes of the past by diving head-first into an ill-defined “association” merely in the “hope that it will turn out alright as we are brothers”! Ambazonians, you have learnt from those mistakes at high and continuing cost. Do you want La République du Cameroun militia firing into school-bound traffic, or even controlling such traffic? In what country on the planet would such victims spurn the opportunity to break free from such a fix?

But that is not all. There are more fundamental legal issues at play to do with the Bamenda High Court ruling, HCB 28/92, a fact which makes Prof. Kamto’s apparent offer more threatening, compounded by his renown as lawyer. HCB 28/92 ruled that La République du Cameroun is/was “forcefully and illegally occupying Southern Cameroons, unless La République du Cameroun showed just cause”. La République du Cameroun has never addressed, appealed or tackled the ruling in any way other than through “force”, even before the recent seven year period of heightened genocidal acts in Southern Cameroons by her militias.

HCB 28/92 says, in so many words, that La République du Cameroun and Ambazonia are separate nations on the basis of La République du Cameroun having had her international borders set in 1960, and reaffirmed same in 1984, thereby releasing Southern Cameroons from the unratified process of a “federation of equal states” engaged in 1961. As long as La République du Cameroun is called La République du Cameroun, it has those borders and zero right to any Ambazonian territory -economic, social or political. In fact, better still, it does not matter if La République du Cameroun changes her name, for it is now like we are in the plebiscite campaign period when decisions could not be made for either La République du Cameroun or Southern Cameroons except by those separate peoples themselves, separately.

La République du Cameroun citizens were not allowed to vote in the plebiscite and they are not allowed to vote today in Ambazonia or offer Ambazonians a vote in La République du Cameroun! Ambazonia regained the right to her own destiny in 1984 and her citizens do not need to be offered any thing in La République du Cameroun’s political system. What’s more, the value of such an “offer” to take take part in an illegal election under an electoral system, he himself rejects, and when Ambazonia has a righteous legal and moral cause is frankly disingenuous and nebulous.

The real danger and loss if any Ambazonians fall for this wooden horse would be that they provide the fig-leaf/thread of “representation” by which La République du Cameroun’s forceful occupation hangs over Ambazonia. Is it possible Prof. Kamto can make this “offer” not because he expects to win the La République du Cameroun election but because he is one of the La République du Cameroun class of “gouvernants” who want to continue pillaging Southern Cameroons and their own country on behalf of a foreign manipulative colonial power?

Ambazonians beware! It is not your vote that they want! They just want to be able to say you are represented in their system so that they can continue to exploit you as they have always done. Reject this “offer” and La République du Cameroun will have to leave so that you can run your own country and benefit from your own efforts and hard work. It is not even a realistic offer as it is illegal under international law for La République du Cameroun to try to organise their elections on Ambazonian territory.

Please recall that there is a Presidential Executive Order reminding Ambazonians of their freedom to shun La République du Cameroun’s make-believe.

The Most High God is the Watchman of Ambazonia.

TPS extension confirms “normalcy” unacceptable

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The Temporary Protected Status, TPS, was largely unknown among Ambazonians and Camerounese before it was announced.

It came in response to the repression and rampant abuses of human rights in La Republique du Cameroun as well as the continuing genocidal crimes in Ambazonia.

Since then the regime of nonagenarian invalid Mr Biya has invested heavily in amateur spinners whose catch phrase is “normalcy has returned”.

While the US has not disputed the “return of normalcy” it would appear that if the US is not just displaying diplomatic know how then they have concluded that normalcy in La Republique du Cameroun does not equate to safety for would-be refugees. The TPS has been extended for another 18 months for victims of La Republique du Cameroun. The US has their own understanding of normalcy in La Republique du Cameroun and it warrants protection for all La Republique du Cameroun citizens, talk less of Ambazonians.

For Ambazonians the “return to normalcy” would translate to “continue the Liberation Struggle” for its meaning is that corruption, marginalisation, tribalism and attempted assimilation, among other burdens, are to be stepped up.

In a real sense the return of normalcy signals to the US and other international partners interested in the security of the Gulf of Guinea that La Republique du Cameroun has no intention of attempting a viable peaceful solution of the Ambazonian Liberation Struggle.

That leaves international community partners with no credible voice to try to persuade Ambazonians that they should consider any other solution than to physically eject La Republique du Cameroun from their land.

The Most High God and our ancestors will continue to fight our corner until the international community decides once more “never again”

The Banjul ruling (2009): learning points

For six decades it appears La République du Cameroun has had one idea and scheme where Southern Cameroons is concerned. For a country plagued by corruption, incompetence and lack of commitment to the extent that “Le Cameroun c’est le Cameroun” has become a proverb it is remarkable how fixed and committed they appear to be on the idea of dominating and colonising Southern Cameroons.

Many episodes have cropped up to remind and dictate “logical adjustments” but every one of them has been batted away even when they could improve the prosperity of La République du Cameroun.

One such episode was the ruling of the African Commission in 2009 in the “Southern Cameroons Vs La République du Cameroun” following Kevin Mgwanga Gumne et al vs. Republic of Cameroon.

The commission went out of its way to make sure La Republique du Cameroun knew that the complainant’s case was sound. They accepted all the accounts of domination, colonisation, marginalisation and discrimination, only citing their [the Commission’s] lack of competence as a reason for not issuing sanctions.

Even so they issued a range of recommendations for La République du Cameroun to implement to solve the established problems.

The African Commission’s [water under the bridge by now] Recommendations to LRC:

Abolish all discriminatory practices against people of Northwest and Southwest Cameroon, including equal usage of the English language in business transactions;
Stop the transfer of accused persons from the Anglophone provinces for trial in the Francophone provinces;
Ensure that every person facing criminal charges be tried under the language he/she understands. In the alternative, the Respondent State must ensure that interpreters are employed in Courts to avoid jeopardising the rights of accused persons;
Locate national projects, equitably throughout the country, including Northwest and Southwest Cameroon, in accordance with economic viability as well as regional balance;
Pay compensation to companies in Northwest and Southwest Cameroon, which suffered as a result of discriminatory treatment by banks;
Enter into constructive dialogue with the Complainants, and in particular, SCNC and SCAPO to resolve the constitutional issues, as well as grievances which could threaten national unity; and
Reform the Higher Judicial Council, by ensuring that it is composed of personalities other than the President of the Republic, the Minister for Justice and other members of the Executive Branch.

It goes without saying that La République du Cameroun not only ignored the recommendations but sought to characterise the ruling as a victory over secession even though the complainants had not intended or expected such an outcome from the case.

As “Le Cameroun c’est le Cameroun” they ignored the “warning signs” of having moved the complainants enough to undertake to bring the case and continued on their ill-fated course to self-destruction.

In a world where trade is easier in English as “Le Cameroun c’est le Cameroun”, they decided that English should be expunged so that a small group of incompetents could continue to go to Europe for health care.

Maybe it has just been incompetence all these decades. They couldn’t have actively made any of these choices, could they? They would need a base of some competence.

Given that “Le Cameroun c’est le Cameroun”, Ambazonia cannot afford to make any decisions that rely on La République du Cameroun’s competent choice, certainly no dependence or reliance on any action in LRC’s sole hands.

Download the complete Banjul ruling from here

Babanki Abductions Obviously Fake: Ntumfoyn Boh Herbert

If people like our Brother Wasaloko and politicians passing for pastors like “The Not So Reverend Fonki Samuel Forba” truly desire to help Cameroun tell these big lies about Amba torturing these women in Babangki, why can’t they even do a bit of homework? Why not try to make the lies “intelligent lies”? When the PCC Moderator puts out a statement saying he has ascertained the veracity of the video, and lavishly cites the Word of God to back his lies, why can’t do just a little homework first?

Let me point only to a few basic facts to show that these pictures of “women tortured and injured by Amba” are as fabricated as the claims about abduction by Amba. Come with me:

1) Checkout the woman in greenish “kabah”. The one holding up one arm and hiding her face. The home in the background of her picture is built of plank or “karaboat” as our people would say. Well, Babangki does not have “karaboat” houses. These are generally found in the Southern Zone.

2) Take another picture… the one of the woman whose back has lacerations reportedly from the torture and whipping by Amba. Well, her picture is filmed inside or near another “karaboat” house. Not Babangki, definitely.

3) Now, checkout all the women on the video reportedly showing women in Babangki under Amba captivity. Crosscheck every woman in the pictures of women displaying injuries in the photos and not a single one of those with injuries is anywhere on the video or screenshots of same.

4) The “yellow” legs, black feet and hands of the woman with injuries to her two legs and the other “yellow” legged woman being attended to by a man kneeling cannot be identified in the video or screenshots. They should have been easy to find given their distinctive “yellow” bleached legs.

5) A big effort was made by the producers of this propaganda to mask the metadata (dates when original was taken and where). Yet, and as true as there is no perfect crime, all the pictures showing injured women were taken a long time before the Babangki video screengrab.

6) Finally, according to Google Images, the propagandists who most likely produced and first posted these pictures all work as propagandists for La Republique du Cameroun. Google Images shows that it is the online outfit known as “A Better Cameroon” whose executives include a certain Clovis Onga Naseri (of Disarmament Fame) that uploaded several of the pictures first.

La Republique can keep trying, but tell them I said “wuna dross di show”.

Ntumfoyn Boh Herbert (Yindo Toh)
Spokesperson, MoRISC

Ambazonia Liberation mindset

As La Republique du Cameroun embarks on another contrived sham of an election we the Ambazonians are looking at having to “ban” the “elections on our territory. But do we have to? What have they got to do with us?

On the face of it we should not have to ban that exercise since it is known that La Republique du Cameroun withdrew from the flawed union and reverted to her 1960 international borders. Don’t understand? Read the Bamenda High Court ruling HCB28/92.

On that basis, Ambazonians should not be enduring the humiliation of a sham election where La Republique du Cameroun actually appoint stooges to pose as representatives of Southern Cameroons. It should be understood that this scheme of appointing stooges is the tenuous thread by which La Republique du Cameroun somehow sustains her “illegal forcible occupation” of Southern Cameroons (Ambazonia) in the eyes of the international community. They can claim that Ambazonia is represented in their government no matter how flawed that government is.

That is La Republique du Cameroun’s modus operandi along with the reasons. That is why they did appoint “senators” purportedly from the “opposition” SDF in their out-going “legislature”. With the SDF claiming over a sustained period to be grounded in Ambazonia it suited La Republique du Cameroun to be able to point to their presence in their parliament as evidence that Ambazonia is represented and, therefore, participating and therefore less in need of self-determination. That is also why LRC is very likely to appoint SDF stooges soon afterward even if no “voting” takes place and even if they are unable to raise and SDF “winners”.

For our part, we the Ambazonians need to make it clear that any such stooge appointees do not represent our nation. We should not take part in any vacuous acts claimed as an election. That way we have the basis to demand justice from the international community for the return of nationhood as it would be clear that not only is La Republique du Cameroun the country with 1960 international borders outside of Ambazonia, but that their claim of representation is false.

What about “Ambazonian” so-called “representatives” in LRC? If they are Ambazonians they would have the precedent from history to follow – they must quit the (East Cameroon) La Republique du Cameroun “parliament” just like our forbears quit the Eastern Nigeria assembly to create self government in the United Nations Trust Territory of Southern Cameroons back then.

Many are not “Ambazonian”. Having understood the stakes if they persist in following their stomachs at the expense of Ambazonian victims of genocide then our Restoration Forces should have the mandate to arrest them or dissuade them appropriately and proportionately. Ambazonia has lost enough school children, shot by nervous occupying militias; enough pregnant women killed in deliberate “bavures”; enough homes burnt; enough youths so-called “neutralised” for being suspected fighters.

With LRC stalling on the Canada-facilitated talks, for one thing, and showing the distinct lack of “a responsible adult at home” Ambazonian stakeholders need to take heed and engage collaborative planning for “rainy days” so clearly pencilled in for La Republique du Cameroun’s near future.

When our historical leaders left Eastern Nigeria they were not a single party but they collaborated to institute a functioning multi-party democracy. Ambazonia’s confidence should flow from the knowledge that we can actually still boast more transparent transitions of power in our parliament in a few years of existence than La Republique du Cameroun has managed in a much longer time scale. We are better!

The Most High God is the Watchman of Ambazonia.

Ambazonia Liberation God-ordained

The story of Ambazonia is a long sequence of surmounting obstacles in more and more unlikely fashion.
The most recent is the fateful declaration of La Republique du Cameroun’s (LRC’s) communication minister on the Canadian Led Facilitation Process. Imagine the fudges being concocted with a selection of Ambazonian stakeholders who seemed determined to let things “progress” and “see what happens”. There were dubious participants but somehow “everyone” trusted the process and “everyone” of the Ambazonian stakeholders declared their objective was the same – total and unconditional independence for Ambazonia. Even so, they were all relaxed to ignore the dubious participants and “see what happens”. They were even relaxed in the contradiction of taking part in a process which attempted to call Ambazonia “the North West and South West Regions of the Republic of Cameroon”!

After the Canadian Communique, the “Leaders” of the Ambazonian side issued their communique and set about batting away any doubts, sometimes with simple dismissal of doubters as “people who have not been in the Struggle for the Thirty years that we have”.
It was like literal history repeating itself!
A small cohort of selected “leaders” determined to trust that informal dealings with a “brother state” would “turn out fine” and trusting the goodwill and good intensions of Western countries who at once insist they are neutral to the outcome but nudge the dealings towards an already visibly untenable premise.

The plebiscite of the 11th of February 1961 excluded the option of independence for Southern Cameroons, pushing a vibrant multi-party parliamentary system into a union with a proxy dictatorship run remotely by a “secret” colonial master! At the time there was vibrant debate about the type of union to come with a large cross-section “hoping” for a union of equal separate states verging on a confederation.

The leaders “trusted” the union of “brothers” would work. That was in 1961. This is 2023 … and the “leaders” once again trust in the face of similar doubts.
It did not work out in 1961. Witness is the current war. It is unlikely to work this time either under the same “trust”.
That Canada is in the open on mediation is proof that Southern Cameroons survived the inadequacies, not to say inequities of the plebiscite, hopeless though the situation seemed over the years.

LRC omitted to seal the deal with a treaty – which would have restricted the abilities of the likes of Canada to attempt the mediation they are.
LRC then broke the “understandings” imposed by the Western partners
LRC reduced herself to a failed state unable to command the continued support of international partners when Southern Cameroons woke up again.

During the sixty years Southern Cameroons current position in being up for any form of negotiation was unthinkable but for the series of small negligences and oversteps that kept the friction and discontent and legal righteousness alive. LRC broke “laws” but there would have been zero chance of any meaningful challenge had they not also made the overstretch of attempting to nudge Southern Cameroons into an unnecessarily cruel and exploitative existence. They even saw the need to make the mistake of technically withdrawing from the failed union by reverting to their 1960 name, and therefore international borders and choosing to persist even after realising their mistake! When the protests came, they could have offered to appease before a critical mass assembled and that would have sealed it but a bully is always only ever a bully. They trusted that even their corrupt and incompetent “forces of law and order” could quell the protest using violence. They wanted to be seen to dominate not just win.

Six years later, Ambazonian leaders were edging towards a repeat when LRC shows herself once more to be no match for Ambazonians divine grace and protection. By attempting to rubbish the mediation LRC is giving Ambazonians more time to make the break and establish once and for all that they have no future in any form of association with LRC… the home burnings, the killings of school children, the mass arrests would seem to induce no remorse in LRC’s leaders!
How lucky for Ambazonia that, in that frame of mind, LRC is unable to rally to come to the table when they could have secured relatively favourable terms! They misjudged 60 years ago, six years ago and six weeks ago!
LRC came close to the Mediation thanks to the tenacity of Ambazonians in carrying the fight. Now that their institutions are imploding and only projected to become more dysfunctional, Ambazonia needs to intensify the expulsion while building the collaboration framework to take our Nation in hand imminently.

The Most High God is Watching Over Ambazonia

Ambazonia’s sovereignty and dignity need maintaining

As the “Canada agreement” continues to be debated it was always possible that LRC was playing for time as they did in the “Swiss Process”. It is their legitimate tactic to try to reduce the momentum of the Ambazonia Liberation Struggle.

While we the Ambazonians would prefer a quick negotiated resolution we need to face the reality that La Republique du Cameroun would not be so logical even in the face of defeat. If they reached for repression when they could get far more favourable terms why would they suddenly turn to logic now? They are a far more unstable leaderless rabble now so we must be wary of self-inflicted regression in our progress.

Ambazonia News understands many of our factions are fundraising.

It is absolutely right that we continue our Complementary Commitment by massively stepping up to provide for our Restoration Forces and our civilians to continue to exercise our sovereignty and dignity.

The Most High God is still Watching out for Ambazonia.

Canadian mediation: confusion reigns and pitfalls remain

Since Canada announced the agreement to talk for “peace in the NW and SW regions of Cameroon” reactions have emerged from many quarters.

Many Ambazonian stakeholders have voiced objections to the phraseology of Canada’s announcement, though other Canadian communications do speak of “talks between The former United Nations Trust Territory of Southern Cameroons and The Republic of Cameroon”. This latter comes, notably in tweets from the Canadian Diplomatic Mission in Cameroun.

A cross section of Ambazonian comments insist that the language in the Canadian communique is “diplomatic” and is the “best Amabzonia” will get until she regains her sovereignty. No explanation of how that sovereignty will be gained if the talks are framed as talks to settle a crisis in “the NW and SW regions of Cameroon”. This must be a faith that the kind international community, despite turning a blind eye to more intense and overt genocidal acts in Ambazonia for six years, is going to go in to bat for Ambazonian independence! Why? What is the new motivation? What of the La Republique du Cameroun Secession in 1984 which reset the boundaries to LRC (1960) and United Nations Trust Territory of Southern Cameroons – and does afford Ambazonia “state-status bar the exercise”? HCB28-92 outlines how this came about and was enshrined in the Bamenda High Court Ruling!

For their part La Republique du Cameroun has issued a statement through their Communication Minister, Sadi, denying any agreement to confer neither “facilitator nor mediator status to any country”. In the communique he references the internal National Dialogue of La Republique du Cameroun as the start of a solution … “which they have been busily implementing”. The language of Canada’s Communique does matter, but this outing from Sadi underlines the paradox of “NW and SW regions of Cameroon”, at first sight alluding to an internal self-determination; with a third-party mediator. At the very least, Ambazonian stakeholders need to regroup and avoid speeding into what would appear as half-a-loaf, but could be poisoned! In any case it was always going to be beneficial for the Ambazonian side to consolidate their position internally before embarking on any talks. This is particularly urgent as, while “officially” rubbishing the prospect of talks in Sadi’s communique, La Republique has wasted no time marshalling their propaganda effort to attempt to kill the momentum of the Ambazonian Liberation Struggle. Many “News papers” have “welcomed” the “agreement to talk” and already attributed calls to some of the Ambazonian stakeholders for the Restoration Forces to cease! The sooner Ambazonian Leaders wake up to this ploy, the better! Even if they don’t manage to come to an agree position, they must maintain the pressure on the ground.

Ambazonian Leaders need to keep channels open to avoid the confusion that La Republique will continue to seek to create and exploit. As it is it is clear that La Republique factions have different goals and ambitions and even at their most stable, they have proven time and again that their word cannot be relied on. The international community will be happy to say “never again” again after the fact – not because they are picking on Ambazonia, but because that is their method! We must “shine out eyes” and maintain our efforts.

Any Ambzonian leader thrusting their head out to be patted by the kind international community does so at their own peril if they do not first have their backs covered by “the Ambazonian Position”.

The Most High God has watched over us so many times. Let us not falter!

We the Ambazonians

Canada update postponement…why?

Ambazonia News was waiting as eagerly as any other Ambazonian to get the presentation of the four “principals” from Canada. Instead, the “neutral” spokesman, in the person of Comrade John Akuroh, communicated the postponement “due to fast new developments”!

The good aspect of the communication was the clear and unequivocal declaration of the position on absolute and unconditional independence of Ambazonia, not to mention the implied deference to the people on any decision. This last part at least alleys the fear that, drunk on flattery, any or all of the “representatives” could “sign for” Ambazonia! Phew!

The fear of “drunkenness on flattery”, however, persists.

Despite claiming to be mindful of La Republique du Cameroun’s modus operandi, the fact remains that the “representatives” have allowed their “selection” to “go to their heads” to some extent.

Comrade Akuroh did use the phrase “selected to talk” or words to that effect. The question would be “selected by whom?”. This question does not go to those who were selected per se, except in a purely rhetorical invitation to consider that they might be underestimating their strength. More of this aspect later.

The IG raised this same question to the facilitators when asking for, among other conditions, transparency on each participant and their status. It is no secret that one of the parties does not meet this requirement and is not represented among the four who promised the now postponed update. That means they are going to persist in their opaque position of being very active in the process but not being declared!

As long as the four “representatives” know and are happy we can move on to cautioning about the danger of “flattery”.

Being invited individually and flattered should ring alarms among the “benificiaries” as the method La Republique du Cameroun used to break up the West Cameroon institutional strength and progressively attempt assimilation. To counter this tactic all “invitees” should know their strength comes from the strength of the independence movement as a collective and that if they succomb to flattery and undermine the movement body they could be turfed out as soon as La Republique du Cameroun can ascertain the momentum of the Liberation Struggle has diminished enough. If you turn up to the next gathering and cannot see the fellow “representatives” you saw last time do you know why they are not there? Who should you find out from? Build bridges and improve your strength.

Some will trust Canada’s position to be above the suspicion aired here but remember the run up to the plebiscite when many international partners implicitly denied us the self-determination we should have had! They had then, and have now, their own calculations and we cannot assume their neutrality in the process! They are not forthcoming on the aforementioned “opaque participant” and, therefore, not placing any importance on being viewed as neutral or impartial. Nothing personal, but they just do have their own interest. This brings us to the pressure tactics of “fast moving developments”.

We must take neutrality at face value. But can we? If so, our country’s affairs must not be rushed to meet anyone else’s timetable. The process belongs to us, rather than us to the process. Our representatives must keep open channels with the broadest base of leaders and deliberate extensively prior to any exchanges with the enemy side.

The Most High God is the Watchman of Ambazonia.

Ghost towns: effective exercise of our dignity.

For over six years We the Ambazonia have marked our dignity with the simple act of abstention on Mondays. By this act, we have silently declared our independence from La Republique du Cameroun and her agents – sparing ourselves the gauntlet of extortion and intimidation by La Republique du Cameroun’s militias.

The effect of this routine act has started to open the eyes not only of LRC, but more of our people to become more aware of our history and rights.

Who should declare a pause to Contri Sundays?

We the Ambazonians have ignored all LRC ploys which surface every December preaching the merits of “normalcy”.

We the Ambazonians have ignored the hypocritical “peace” being preached while their militias still occupy our streets and fire on school children.

We the Ambazonians who live the experience of the La Republique du Cameroun occupation will see for ourselves when we are free of that occupation. We will decide and that will not be because any one sends us leaflets! When we are free we will not need leaflets to tell us!

We all remain resolute on our aim – the total and unconditional independence of Ambazonia.

Our independence and dignity are not in the gift of our neighbours LRC.